Β-Leucine
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name 3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid | |
| Other names DL-β-Leucine; Homovaline | |
| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.200.152  |
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| Properties | |
Chemical formula | C6H13NO2 |
| Molar mass | 131.175 g·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
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| Warning | |
Hazard statements | H315, H319, H335 |
Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references | |
Chemical compound
β-Leucine (beta-leucine) is a beta amino acid and positional isomer of L-leucine which is naturally produced in humans via the metabolism of L-leucine by the enzyme leucine 2,3-aminomutase.[1][2][3] In cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficient individuals, plasma concentrations of β-leucine are elevated.[3]
Biosynthesis and metabolism in humans
A small fraction of L-leucine metabolism – less than 5% in all tissues except the testes where it accounts for about 33% – is initially catalyzed by leucine aminomutase, producing β-leucine, which is subsequently metabolized into β-ketoisocaproate (β-KIC), β-ketoisocaproyl-CoA, and then acetyl-CoA by a series of uncharacterized enzymes.[1][2]
References
- ^ a b Kohlmeier M (May 2015). "Leucine". Nutrient Metabolism: Structures, Functions, and Genes (2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 385–388. ISBN 978-0-12-387784-0. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
Energy fuel: Eventually, most Leu is broken down, providing about 6.0kcal/g. About 60% of ingested Leu is oxidized within a few hours ... Ketogenesis: A significant proportion (40% of an ingested dose) is converted into acetyl-CoA and thereby contributes to the synthesis of ketones, steroids, fatty acids, and other compounds
Figure 8.57: Metabolism of L-leucine Archived 22 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine - ^ a b "Leucine metabolism". BRENDA. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ a b "Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Beta-Leucine (HMDB0003640)".
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| lysine→ | |
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| leucine→ | |
| tryptophan→alanine→ |
| G→pyruvate→ citrate |
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| G→glutamate→ α-ketoglutarate |
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| G→propionyl-CoA→ succinyl-CoA |
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| G→fumarate |
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| G→oxaloacetate |
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| Cysteine metabolism |
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