Malcolm III od Škotske

Malcolm III

kralj Albe
Vladavina	1058–1093
Krunidba	1057?/25. april 1058?, Scone
Prethodnik	Lulach
Nasljednik	Donald III

Suprug/a	Ingebjorg Finnsdotter Margaret of Wessex
Potomstvo	Duncan II, kralj Albe Edward, princ Škotske Edmund Ethelred Edgar, kralj Albe Alexander I, kralj Albe David I, kralj Albe Edith/Matilda, kraljica Engleske Mary, grofica Boulognea
Kuća	Kuća Dunkeld
Otac	Duncan I, kralj Albe
Majka	Suthen
Rođen/a	(1031-03-26)26. 3. 1031. Škotska
Umro/la	13. 11. 1093. (dob: 62) Alnwick, Northumberland, Engleska

Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (moderni gelski: Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh,^[1] u većini angliciziranih kraljevskih popisa navođen kao Malcolm III, a u kasnijim vijekovima i s nadimkom Canmore, "Big Head" ("Velika glava")^[2]^[3] bilo doslovno ili kao referenca na njegove vještine vođe,^[4] "Long-neck" (Digovrati);^[5] ? _-13. novembar 1093) bio je kralj Škota od 1058. do 1093. Rodio se kao najstariji sin Duncana I (Donnchad mac Crínáin). Malcolmova duga vladavina od 35 godina je predstavljala uvertiru u tzv. škoto-normansko doba. Najbolje je, međutim, poznat kao historijska podloga za istoimeni lik u znamenitoj Shakespeareovoj tragediji Macbeth.

Malcolmova vlast se nije pružala na cijeloj teritoriji današnje Škotske: sjever i zapad je ostao u rukama nordijskih, norod-gelskih i gelskih klanova i državica, a Škotska je ostala u granicama zacrtanim od strane prethodnog kralja Malcolma II (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) sve do 12. vijeka. Malcolm III je vodio niz ratova protiv Engleske, koje se obično tumače njegovim nastojanjem da osvojio englesko sjeverno vojvodstvo (earldom) Northumbrija. Ti pohodi, međutim, nisu rezultirali nikakvim značajnijim teritorijalnim proširanjem. Malcolmu kao najveće dostignuće historičari pripisuju to što je uspio obnoviti, odnosno održati dinastiju koja će Škotskom vladati u kasnijim periodima,^[6] iako njegova uloga "osnivača dinastije" ima više veze s propagandom koju su stvarali njegov najmlađi sin David i njegovi potomci, nego sa historijskom stvarnošću.^[7]

Malcolmova druga supruga Margaret od Wessexa je kasnije beatificirana te postala jedini škotski kraljevski svetac. Sam Malcolm, međutim, nije uživao reputaciju pobožnog vladara. Sa izuzetkom opatije Dunfermline, njegovo ime se ne povezuje sa osnivanjem ili pomoći crkvenim institucijama, odnosno vjerskim reformama.

Preci

Preci Malcolma III od Škotske '

4. Crínán od Dunkelda

2. Duncan I od Škotske

20. Kenneth II od Škotske

10. Malcolm II od Škotske

5. Bethóc

1. Malcolm III od Škotske

3. Suthen

Izvori

↑ Máel Coluim mac Donnchada je srednjovjekovni gelski oblik.
↑ Ritchie, p. 3
↑ Burton, vol. 1, p. 350, states: "Malcolm the son of Duncan is known as Malcolm III., but still better perhaps by his characteristic name of Canmore, said to come from the Celtic 'Cenn Mór', meaning 'great head'". It has also been argued recently that the real "Malcolm Canmore" was this Malcolm's great-grandson Malcolm IV, who is given this name in the contemporary notice of his death. Duncan, pp. 51–52, 74–75; Oram, p. 17, note 1.
↑ „King Malcolm CANMORE OF SCOTLAND III & St Margaret “Atheling” OF ENGLAND”. Millsgen.com. 2010-06-28. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2012-03-24. Pristupljeno 2012-11-08.
↑ Orkneyinga Saga, c. 33.
↑ Ime njegove porodice je predmet rasprave. "Kuća Dunkeld" je izraz koji se gotovo nikada ne koristi; "Canmoreski kraljevi" ili "dinastija Canmore" nis općeprihvaćeni, kao ni kovanice Richarda Oramas natpisom "meic Maíl Coluim" ili "MacMalcolm" Michjaela Lyncha. Za rasprave v. Duncan, pp. 53–54; McDonald, Outlaws, p. 3; Barrow, Kingship and Unity, Appendix C; Reid. Broun iscrpno raspravlja o porijelu.
↑ Hammond, p. 21. Prvi rodoslov koji porijeklo vuče od Malcolma umjesto Kennetha MacAlpina (Cináed mac Ailpín) ili Fergus Móra datira iz vladavine Aleksandra II, v. Broun, pp. 195–200.

Literatura

Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500–1286, volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990. ISBN 978-1-871615-03-6
Anderson, Alan Orr, Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers. D. Nutt, London, 1908.
Anderson, Marjorie Ogilvie, Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland. Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, revised edition 1980. ISBN 978-0-7011-1604-0
Anon., Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney, tr. Hermann Pálsson and Paul Edwards. Penguin, London, 1978. ISBN 978-0-14-044383-7
Baker, Ernest Albert (1914), A Guide to Historical Fiction, George Routledge and sons
Barrell, A.D.M. Medieval Scotland. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. ISBN 978-0-521-58602-3
Barrow, G.W.S., Kingship and Unity: Scotland, 1000–1306. Reprinted, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1989. ISBN 978-0-7486-0104-2
Barrow, G.W.S., The Kingdom of the Scots. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2003. ISBN 978-0-7486-1803-3
Broun, Dauvit, The Irish Identity of the Kingdom of the Scots in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Boydell, Woodbridge, 1999. ISBN 978-0-85115-375-9
Burton, John Hill, The History of Scotland, New Edition, 8 vols, Edinburgh 1876
Clancy, Thomas Owen, "St. Margaret" in Michael Lynch (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-211696-3
Duncan, A.A.M., The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. ISBN 978-0-7486-1626-8
Dunlop, Eileen, Queen Margaret of Scotland. National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2005. ISBN 978-1-901663-92-1
Hammond, Matthew H., "Ethnicity and Writing of Medieval Scottish History", in The Scottish Historical Review, Vol. 85, April, 2006, pp. 1–27
John of Fordun, Chronicle of the Scottish Nation, ed. William Forbes Skene, tr. Felix J.H. Skene, 2 vols. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993. ISBN 978-1-897853-05-4
McDonald, R. Andrew, The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 1100–c.1336. Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 1997. ISBN 978-1-898410-85-0
McDonald, R. Andrew, Outlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058–1266. Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 2003. ISBN 978-1-86232-236-3
Nield, Jonathan (1925), A Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales, G. P. Putnam's sons, ISBN 978-0-8337-2509-7
Oram, Richard, David I: The King Who Made Scotland. Tempus, Stroud, 2004. ISBN 978-0-7524-2825-3
Reid, Norman, "Kings and Kingship: Canmore Dynasty" in Michael Lynch (ed.), op. cit.
Ritchie, R. L. Graeme, The Normans in Scotland, Edinburgh University Press, 1954
Sturluson, Snorri, Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway, tr. Lee M. Hollander. Reprinted University of Texas Press, Austin, 1992. ISBN 978-0-292-73061-8
Young, James, ed., Historical References to the Scottish Family of Lauder, Glasgow, 1884

Vanjske veze

Orkneyinga Saga Arhivirano 2009-07-06 na Wayback Machine-u at Northvegr
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork

Kraljevske titule
Prethodi: Lulach	kralj Škota 1058–1093	Slijedi: Donald III

Engleski, škotski i britanski vladari

Vladari Engleske do 1603.	Vladari Škotske do 1603.

Alfred Veliki Edward Stariji Ælfweard Æthelstan Edmund I Eadred Eadwig Edgar Miroljubivi Edward Mučenik Æthelred Nespremni Sweyn Edmund Željeznoboki Cnut Harold I Harthacnut Edward Ispovjednik Harold Godwinson Edgar Ætheling William Osvajač William II Henry I Stephen Matilda Henry II Henry Mladi Richard I John Henry III Edward I Edward II Edward III Richard II Henry IV Henry V Henry VI Edward IV Edward V Richard III Henry VII Henry VIII Edward VI Jane Grey Mary I i Philip Elizabeth I	Kenneth I MacAlpin Donald I Constantine I Áed Giric i Eochaid Donald II Constantine II Malcolm I Indulf Dub Cuilén Amlaíb Kenneth II Constantine III Kenneth III Malcolm II Duncan I Macbeth Lulach Malcolm III Donald III Duncan II Edgar Alexander I David I Malcolm IV William I Alexander II Alexander III Margaret John Robert I David II Edward Balliol Robert II Robert III James I James II James III James IV James V Mary I James VI

Vladari Engleske i Škotske nakon Unije Kruna iz 1603.
James I i VI Charles I Charles II James II i VII William III i II i Mary II Anne

Britanski vladari nakon Zakona o uniji iz 1707.
Anne George I George II George III George IV William IV Victoria Edward VII George V Edward VIII George VI Elizabeth II Charles III