Star of South Africa, Gold
Star of South Africa, Gold | |
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Type | Military decoration for merit |
Awarded for | Meritorious military service which promoted SADF efficiency and preparedness and made a valuable contribution to national security |
Country | South Africa |
Presented by | the State President of South Africa (until 1994) President of South Africa (1994–2002) |
Eligibility | General and flag officers |
Post-nominals | SSA |
Status | Discontinued in 2002 |
Established | 1975 |
![]() Ribbon bar | |
SADF pre-1994 & SANDF post-2002 orders of wear | |
Next (higher) | SADF precedence:
SANDF precedence:
|
Equivalent | Star of South Africa, Grand Cross |
Next (lower) | SADF succession: SANDF succession: |
The Star of South Africa, Gold, post-nominal letters SSA, is the senior decoration of two military and five non-military classes of the Order of the Star of South Africa, a South African Order which was instituted in 1975, and awarded to general and flag officers of the South African Defence Force. The Order of the Star of South Africa was discontinued in 2002.[1]
Background
The Union Defence Forces (UDF) were established in 1912 and renamed the South African Defence Force (SADF) in 1958. On 27 April 1994, it was integrated with six other independent forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) after the end of apartheid.[2][3][4][5][6]
Institution
The Star of South Africa, Gold, post-nominal letters SSA, was instituted by the State President on 1 July 1975, as the senior decoration of two military classes of the Order of the Star of South Africa. The Order was named after the first large diamond to be found in South Africa, the Star of South Africa, which was found on the banks of the Orange River in 1869 and which sparked the New Rush, leading to the establishment of Kimberley.[1][3]
The Order of the Star of South Africa was expanded on 17 October 1978, when a non-military division with decorations in five classes was instituted, for conferment on civilians and, from 1988, on senior police, prisons service and intelligence service officers, as well as foreign military attachés. The senior of these five non-military decorations, the Star of South Africa, Grand Cross, ranks on par with the Star of South Africa, Gold.[1][7]
Award criteria
The Star of South Africa, Gold was awarded to general and flag officers of the South African Defence Force for meritorious military service which promoted SADF efficiency and preparedness and made a valuable contribution to national security. It replaced the Star of South Africa of 1952.[3]
In 1977, recipients of the Star of South Africa of 1952 were promoted to the new Order of the Star of South Africa, by being presented with the Star of South Africa, Gold in substitution of their existing decorations.[8]
Order of wear
The position of the Star of South Africa, Gold in the official order of precedence was revised three times after 1975, to accommodate the inclusion or institution of new decorations and medals, first upon the integration into the South African National Defence Force on 27 April 1994, again in April 1996, when decorations and medals were belatedly instituted for the two former non-statutory forces, the Azanian People's Liberation Army and Umkhonto we Sizwe, and finally with the institution of a new set of awards on 27 April 2003.[7][9]
- South African Defence Force until 26 April 1994
- Official SADF order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Honoris Crux Gold (HCG).
- Succeeded by the Star of South Africa, Silver (SSAS).[9]
- Official national order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Order of the Southern Cross, Gold (OSG).
- Succeeded by the Order for Meritorious Service, Gold (OMSG).[9]
- South African National Defence Force from 27 April 1994
- Official SANDF order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Honoris Crux Gold (HCG) of the Republic of South Africa.
- Succeeded by the Star of South Africa, Silver (SSAS) of the Republic of South Africa.[7]
- Official national order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Order of the Southern Cross, Gold (OSG) of the Republic of South Africa.
- Succeeded by the Order of the Leopard, Special Class Grand Cross of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.[7]
- South African National Defence Force from April 1996
- Official SANDF order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Star for Bravery in Gold (SBG) of Umkhonto we Sizwe.
- Succeeded by the Star of South Africa, Silver (SSAS) of the Republic of South Africa.[7]
- Official national order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Order of the Southern Cross, Gold (OSG) of the Republic of South Africa.
- Succeeded by the Order of the Leopard, Special Class Grand Cross of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.[7]
- South African National Defence Force from 27 April 2003
- Official SANDF order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Nkwe ya Gauta (NG) of the Republic of South Africa.
- Succeeded by the Star of South Africa, Silver (SSAS) of the Republic of South Africa.[7]
- Official national order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Order of the Southern Cross, Gold (OSG) of the Republic of South Africa.
- Succeeded by the Order of the Leopard, Special Class Grand Cross of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.[7]
Description
The Star of South Africa, Gold consists of five separate items.
- A full size decoration with a neck chain.
- A full size decoration with a neck ribbon.
- A full size decoration with a smaller suspender, for mounting in a breast medal rack.
- A miniature decoration for mess dress or formal evening dress.
- A breast star.
- Obverse
The Star of South Africa, Gold is a silver-gilt Maltese cross, with the arms in dark blue enamel, with protea flowers between the arms of the cross. Two four-pointed stars, superimposed on one another, are mounted on the cross.[3]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/Star_of_South_Africa%2C_Gold%2C_Breast_Star.jpg/220px-Star_of_South_Africa%2C_Gold%2C_Breast_Star.jpg)
- Reverse
The reverse has the pre-1994 South African Coat of Arms.
- Ribbon and chain
The decoration is worn around the neck on a dark blue ribbon, 35 millimetres wide. Until 1988, the Star of South Africa, Gold also had a gold neck chain for ceremonial occasions.[3]
- Breast star
Recipients also wear a gold breast star, with eight multi-rayed points, which displays the obverse of the decoration in its centre.[3]
Discontinuation
The conferment of the Star of South Africa, Gold was discontinued on 6 December 2002, when a new set of national orders was instituted.[3]
List of recipients
This is non-exhaustive list of the general and flag officers who were awarded the SSA in no chronological sequence:
- Adm Hugo Biermann OBE - Chief of the SADF
- Gen Magnus Malan SM - Chief of the SADF
- Gen Constand Viljoen SSAS, SM - Chief of the SADF
- Gen Johannes Geldenhuys SSAS, SD, SOE, SM - Chief of the SADF
- Gen Andreas Liebenberg SSAS, SD, SM, MMM - Chief of the SADF
- Gen Georg Meiring SSAS, SD, SM, MMM - Chief of the SANDF
- Gen Siphiwe Nyanda DMG, MMS, MMM - Chief of the SANDF
- V Adm Bert Bekker SSAS, SD, SM - Chief of Defence Force Staff
- Lt Gen Denis Earp SSAS, SD, SOE, SM - Chief of the Air Force
- Lt Gen Ian Gleeson SSAS, SD, SM - Chief of Defence Force Staff
- Lt Gen (Dr) Nicolaas Nieuwoudt SD, SM - Surgeon General
- V Adm James Johnson SM, DSC - Chief of the Navy
- Lt Gen Robert 'Bob' Rogers SM, DSO, DFC - Chief of the Air Force
- Lt Gen (Prof) Heinrich de V. du Toit SD, SM - Chief of Staff Intelligence
- V Adm Ronald A. Edwards SSAS, SD, SM - Chief of the Navy
- Lt Gen Raymond Holtzhausen SD, SM - Chief of Staff Personnel
- Cmdt Piet Marais - Chairman of ARMSCOR 1976-1989
References
- ^ a b c South African Medals Website - Post-nominal Letters (Accessed 28 April 2015)
- ^ South African Medals Website - SA Defence Force : 1952-1975 (Accessed 30 April 2015)
- ^ a b c d e f g South African Medals Website - SA Defence Force : 1975-2003 (Accessed 30 April 2015)
- ^ Suid-Afrikaanse militêre dekorasies: 1952-1975
- ^ Suid-Afrikaanse militêre dekorasies: 1975-2003
- ^ Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 457, no. 25213, Pretoria, 25 July 2003
- ^ a b c d e f g h Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 477, no. 27376, Pretoria, 11 March 2005, OCLC 72827981
- ^ City Coins, Cape Town - Postal Medal Auction 62 - Closing Date: 29 June 012 17:00 Hrs RSA. Lot 224, pp. 104-105. (Accessed 9 May 2015)
- ^ a b c Republic of South Africa Government Gazette no. 15093, Pretoria, 3 September 1993
- v
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Pre-Union
until 6 April 1952
Victoria Cross
Dekoratie voor Trouwe Dienst
Distinguished Service Order
Distinguished Service Cross
Military Cross
Distinguished Flying Cross
Air Force Cross
Distinguished Conduct Medal
Distinguished Conduct Medal (Natal)
Conspicuous Gallantry Medal
Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (Flying)
Distinguished Service Medal
Military Medal
Distinguished Flying Medal
Air Force Medal
British Empire Medal (Military)
South Africa Medal (1853)
South Africa Medal (1880)
Cape of Good Hope General Service Medal
Queen's South Africa Medal
Medalje voor de Anglo-Boere Oorlog
Lint voor Verwonding
King's South Africa Medal
Natal Native Rebellion Medal
1914–15 Star
British War Medal
Victory Medal (South Africa)
Mercantile Marine War Medal
1939–1945 Star
Atlantic Star
Arctic Star
Air Crew Europe Star
Africa Star
Pacific Star
Burma Star
Italy Star
France and Germany Star
Defence Medal
War Medal
Africa Service Medal
King George V Coronation Medal
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal
King George VI Coronation Medal
Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom)
Meritorious Service Medal (Cape of Good Hope)
Meritorious Service Medal (Natal)
Meritorious Service Medal (South Africa)
Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (Cape of Good Hope)
Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (Natal)
Permanent Forces of the Empire Beyond the Seas Medal
Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct (South Africa)
Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies
Volunteer Long Service Medal for India and the Colonies
Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration
Colonial Auxiliary Forces Long Service Medal
Efficiency Decoration (South Africa)
Efficiency Medal (South Africa)
Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal
Air Efficiency Award
King's Medal for Champion Shots in the Military Forces
Union of South Africa Commemoration Medal
South African Medal for War Services
Sir Harry Smith's Medal for Gallantry (Unofficial)
Johannesburg Vrijwilliger Corps Medal (Unofficial)
Kimberley Star (Unofficial)
Cape Copper Company Medal for the Defence of O'okiep (Unofficial)
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1952–1994
Honoris Crux Gold
Star of South Africa, Gold
Star of South Africa, Silver
Star of South Africa (1952)
Louw Wepener Decoration
Honoris Crux (1952)
Honoris Crux Silver
Van Riebeeck Decoration
Honoris Crux (1975)
Pro Virtute Decoration
Southern Cross Decoration
Pro Merito Decoration
Van Riebeeck Medal
Louw Wepener Medal
Ad Astra Decoration
Army Cross
Air Force Cross
Navy Cross
Medical Service Cross
Southern Cross Medal (1952)
Pro Merito Medal (1967)
Southern Cross Medal (1975)
Pro Merito Medal (1975)
Danie Theron Medal
Jack Hindon Medal
Military Merit Medal
Korea Medal
Pro Patria Medal
Southern Africa Medal
General Service Medal (South Africa)
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
Medal for Distinguished Conduct and Loyal Service
Good Service Medal, Gold
John Chard Decoration
De Wet Decoration
Cadet Corps Medal
Good Service Medal, Silver
Union Medal
Permanent Force Good Service Medal
John Chard Medal
Good Service Medal, Bronze
De Wet Medal
Queen's Medal for Champion Shots in the Military Forces
Commandant General's Medal
SADF Champion Shot Medal
National Cadet Bisley Grand Champion Medal
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Transkei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Transkei.svg.png)
Transkei
Cross for Bravery
Transkei Defence Force Medal
Independence Medal (Transkei)
Military Rule Medal
Faithful Service Medal
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Bophuthatswana
Order of the Leopard, Commander
Distinguished Gallantry Cross
Defence Force Merit Decoration
Distinguished Gallantry Medal
Defence Force Merit Medal
Marumo Medal, Class I
Defence Force Commendation Medal
Marumo Medal, Class II
Nkwe Medal
General Service Medal
Independence Medal
Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Gold
Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Silver
Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Bronze
State President's Medal for Shooting
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Venda
Gallantry Cross, Gold
Gallantry Cross, Silver
Distinguished Service Medal, Gold
Distinguished Service Medal, Silver
Venda Defence Force Medal
General Service Medal (Venda)
Independence Medal (Venda)
Long Service Medal, Gold
Long Service Medal, Silver
Long Service Medal, Bronze
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Ciskei
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Umkhonto
we Sizwe
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Azanian People's
Liberation Army
![South Africa](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png)
From 1994