Procolophoninae

Extinct subfamily of reptiles

Procolophoninae Temporal range: Early-Middle Triassic, 249.7–237 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Procolophon pricei from the Olenekian of South Africa
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	†Parareptilia
Order:	†Procolophonomorpha
Family:	†Procolophonidae
Subfamily:	†Procolophoninae Lydekker, 1890
Subgroups
†Anomoiodon †Burtensia †Eumetabolodon †Insulophon? †Lestanshoria? †Orenburgia †Kapes †Procolina †Procolophon †Samaria? †Teratophon †Timanophon †Thelephon †Thelerpeton

Procolophoninae is an extinct subfamily of procolophonid parareptiles from the late Early Triassic to the early Middle Triassic (Olenekian and Anisian stages) of Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe and South America. Currently, the oldest-known procolophonine is Procolophon from the earliest Olenekian stage.^[1]

Phylogeny

Procolophoninae was named in 1890 by Richard Lydekker. It is a stem-based taxon defined phylogenetically for the first time by Modesto et al. (2002) as "all taxa more related to Procolophon trigoniceps Owen, 1876 than to Leptopleuron lacertinum Owen, 1851".^[2] The cladogram below follows Ruta et al. 2011.^[1]

Coletta

Procolophoninae

E. bathycephalus

Below are two cladograms that follow phylogenetic analyses by Butler et al. (2023):^[3]

Analyses 1 and 3: Strict consensus of 760 and 18 most parsimonious trees (MPTs).

Procolophoninae

Analysis 2: Single MPT.

Procolophoninae

Eumetabolodon bathycephalus

^ ^a ^b Marcello Ruta; Juan C. Cisneros; Torsten Liebrect; Linda A. Tsuji; Johannes Muller (2011). "Amniotes through major biological crises: faunal turnover among Parareptiles and the end-Permian mass extinction". Palaeontology. 54 (5): 1117–1137. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01051.x. S2CID 83693335.
^ Juan Carlos Cisneros (2008). "Phylogenetic relationships of procolophonid parareptiles with remarks on their geological record". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 6 (3): 345–366. doi:10.1017/S1477201907002350. S2CID 84468714.
^ Butler, R. J.; Meade, L. E.; Cleary, T. J.; McWhirter, K. T.; Brown, E. E.; Kemp, T. S.; Benito, J.; Fraser, N. C. (2023). "Hwiccewyrm trispiculum gen. et sp. nov., a new leptopleuronine procolophonid from the Late Triassic of southwest England". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25316. PMID 37735997.

see Sauropsida
Procolophonia	see below↓

Procolophonia

Nyctiphruretidae?	Abyssomedon Nyctiphruretus

Bradysaurus Bunostegos Deltavjatia Embrithosaurus Nochelesaurus Parasaurus Senectosaurus
Pumiliopareiasauria	Anthodon Nanoparia Provelosaurus Pumiliopareia
Therischia	Arganaceras Elginia Obirkovia Pareiasaurus Sanchuansaurus Scutosaurus Shihtienfenia

Coartaredens? Coletta Eomurruna Gomphiosauridion? Kinelia? Kitchingnathus Lasasaurus Oryporan Phaanthosaurus Pintosaurus Sauropareion Smilodonterpeton Sphenosaurus Suchonosaurus Spondylolestes? Theledectes Tichvinskia Tricuspisaurus? Xenodiphyodon? Youngetta
Leptopleuroninae	Hwiccewyrm Koiloskiosaurus Mandaphon Neoprocolophon Pentaedrusaurus Phonodus Hypsognathus Leptopleuron Libognathus Soturnia Basileosaurus? Sclerosaurus Scoloparia
Procolophoninae	Anomoiodon Burtensia Eumetabolodon Insulophon? Lestanshoria? Orenburgia Kapes Procolina Procolophon Samaria? Teratophon Timanophon Thelephon Thelerpeton