Pigeonite
(Ca,Mg,Fe)(Mg,Fe)Si2O6IMA symbol Pgt[1] Strunz classification 9.DA.10 Dana classification 65.01.01.04 Crystal system Monoclinic Crystal class Prismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol) Space group P21/c Unit cell a = 9.7, b = 8.95,
c = 5.24 [Å]; β = 108.59°; Z = 4 Identification Color Brown, greenish brown-black Crystal habit Prismatic crystals, to 1 cm; granular, massive. Twinning Commonly twinned simply or multiply on {100} or {001} Cleavage Good on {110}, (110) ^ (110) ~87° Fracture Conchoidal Tenacity Brittle Mohs scale hardness 6 Luster Vitreous to dull Streak Grey white Diaphaneity Semitransparent Specific gravity 3.17 – 3.46 measured Optical properties Biaxial (+) Refractive index nα = 1.683 – 1.722 nβ = 1.684 - 1.722 nγ = 1.704 – 1.752 Birefringence δ = 0.021 – 0.030 Pleochroism Weak to moderate; X = colorless, pale green, brown; Y = pale brown, pale brownish green, brownish pink; Z = colorless, pale green, pale yellow 2V angle 0 – 30° measured Dispersion weak to distinct References [2][3][4]
(same H-M symbol)
c = 5.24 [Å]; β = 108.59°; Z = 4
Pigeonite is a mineral in the clinopyroxene subgroup of the pyroxene group. It has a general formula of (Ca,Mg,Fe)(Mg,Fe)Si2O6. The calcium cation fraction can vary from 5% to 25%, with iron and magnesium making up the rest of the cations.
Pigeonite crystallizes in the monoclinic system, as does augite, and a miscibility gap exists between the two minerals. At lower temperatures, pigeonite is unstable relative to augite plus orthopyroxene. The low-temperature limit of pigeonite stability depends upon the Fe/Mg ratio in the mineral and is hotter for more Mg-rich compositions; for a Fe/Mg ratio of about 1, the temperature is about 900 °C. The presence of pigeonite in an igneous rock thus provides evidence for the crystallization temperature of the magma, and hence indirectly for the water content of that magma.
Pigeonite is found as phenocrysts in volcanic rocks on Earth and as crystals in meteorites from Mars and the Moon. In slowly cooled intrusive igneous rocks, pigeonite is rarely preserved. Slow cooling gives the calcium the necessary time to separate itself from the structure to form exsolution lamellae of calcic clinopyroxene,[5] leaving no pigeonite present.[6] Textural evidence of its breakdown to orthopyroxene plus augite may be present, as shown in the accompanying microscopic image.
Pigeonite is named for its type locality on Lake Superior's shores at Pigeon Point, Minnesota, United States. It was first described in 1900.[4][7]
References
- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/pigeonite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy
- ^ http://www.webmineral.com/data/Pigeonite.shtml Webmineral data
- ^ a b http://www.mindat.org/min-3210.html Mindat.org
- ^ "Calcic Clinopyroxene".
- ^ Nesse, William (2012). Introduction to Mineralogy (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 300.
- ^ Winchell, Alexander N. (1900). "Mineralogical and petrographic study of the gabbroid rocks of Minnesota, and more particularly, of the plagioclasytes". The American Geologist. 26 (4): 197–245.
