Heavenly Quran
The Heavenly Quran (Arabic: أمّ الکتاب, romanized: umm al-kitāb, lit. 'mother of the Book'[1]), according to a common Islamic belief, is a primordial version of the revealed Quran.
History
The idea of a holy book or other religious totem being based on an archetype preserved in heaven is not unique to Islam but goes back "thousands of years" to "the early Sumerians" according to Alfred Guillaume.[2][3]
In the revealed Quran
Quranic verses 43:4 and 13:39 referred to “mother of the book” (umm al-kitab); verse 85:22 refers to a “well-guarded tablet” (lawh mahfuz) and 56:78 to a “concealed book” (kitab maknun). Revelation of the Quran is described as being "sent down" in verse 17:105:
"With the truth we (God/Allah) have sent it down and with the truth it has come down".[4]
It is also called kalam allah — the word of God — and to most Muslims is eternal and uncreated[1] attribute of God, as opposed to something written or created by God. The Quran that resides in heaven is distinct from the earthly Quran.[5][6] It is disputed whether the revealed Quran is a precise copy of the Heavenly Quran or an abridged version. Commonly, Injil and the Islamic notion of Torah are thought to be part of the Heavenly Quran.[1][7]
References
Citations
- ^ a b c Morgan, Diane (2010). Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice. ABC-CLIO 2010. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-313-36025-1.
- ^ Guillaume, Islam, 1954: p.59
- ^ Hitti, Philip K. "The First Book". aramco world. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
- ^ "Surah Al-Isra". search-the-Quran.com. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ Quran 13:39
- ^ Quran 43:4
- ^ Reza Aslan No God But God: The Origins, Evolution and Future of Islam Random House 2008 ISBN 978-1-407-00928-5 page 99
Books, articles, etc.
- Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7 (2): 51–78. doi:10.7187/GJAT122017-2. ISSN 2232-0474. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- Guillaume, Alfred (1954). Islam. Penguin books.
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Quranic qira'at
- Warsh recitation
- Qalun recitation [ar]
- Al-Bazzi recitation [ar]
- Qunbul recitation [ar]
- Al-Duri 'an Al-Basri recitation [ar]
- As-Soussi recitation [ar]
- Hisham recitation [ar]
- Ibn Thaqouan recitation [ar]
- Shu'bah recitation
- Hafs recitation [ar]
- Khalaf recitation [ar]
- Khallad recitation [ar]
- Al-Layth recitation [ar]
- Al-Duri 'an Al-Kissa'i recitation [ar]
- Ibn Wardane recitation [ar]
- Ibn Djammaz recitation [ar]
- Rouh recitation [ar]
- Rouis recitation [ar]
- Idris recitation [ar]
- Ishaq recitation [ar]
- Al-Balkhi recitation
- Ibn Shanbuth recitation
- Al-Khayat recitation
- Ibn Farah recitation
- Al-Mutawaie recitation
- Abu Al-Faraj recitation
- Nafiʽ al-Madani
- Ibn Kathir al-Makki
- Abu Amr of Basra
- Al-Duri
- Al-Soussi [ar]
- Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi
- Hisham ibn Ammar [ar]
- Ibn Thaqouan [ar]
- Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud
- Hamzah az-Zaiyyat
- Khalaf ibn Hisham [ar]
- Khallad
- Al-Kisa'i
- Al-Laythi [ar]
- Al-Duri
- Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Salam
- Abu al-Qasim al-Shatibi
- Mujahid ibn Jabr
- Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid
- Ibn al-Jazari
- Abu Jaafar al-Madani [ar]
- Yaqoub al-Hadrami [ar]
- Khalaf ibn Hisham [ar]
- Hasan al-Basri
- Sulaiman al-Aʽmash
- Muhammad ibn Muheisan [ar]
- Yahya al-Yazidi [ar]
- Abu 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami
- Ahruf
- Qāriʾ
- Tilawa
- Tarteel
- Tajwid
- Idjaza
- Ten recitations
- Seven readers
- Qur'anic punctuation
- Muqattaʿat
- Heavenly Quran
- Tanzil
- Special recitations [ar]
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