Haplogroup GHIJK

Haplogroup GHIJK
Possible time of originapprox. 49,000-59,000 BP+ BCE
(i.e. similar to estimates for F and G)[1]
Possible place of originSouth Asia, or Southeast Asia[2]
AncestorF (F-M89)
DescendantsG, HIJK
Defining mutationsM3658/F1329/PF2622/YSC0001299, CTS2254/M3680/PF2657, FGC2045/Z12203[3]

Haplogroup GHIJK, defined by the SNPs M3658, F1329, PF2622, and YSC0001299,[3] is a common Y-chromosome haplogroup. This macrohaplogroup and its subclades contain the vast majority of the world's existing male population.

Phylogeny

GHIJK is the major clade of Haplogroup F (F-M89). It branches subsequently into two direct descendants: Haplogroup G (M201/PF2957) and Haplogroup HIJK (F929/M578/PF3494/S6397). The other haplotypes of Haplogroup F are F1, F2, and F3.

Subclades of GHIJK, under the HIJK lineage, include: H (L901/M2939) and IJK (F-L15). The downstream descendants of Haplogroup IJK include the major haplogroups I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T.

Distribution

The basal paragroup GHIJK* has not been identified in living males or ancient remains.

Populations with high proportions of descendant haplogroups were predominant, before the modern era, in males across widely-dispersed areas and populations. These include:

  • the Caucasus and West Asia (e. g. haplogroups G, J, and R);
  • South Asia (e. g. haplogroups H, J, L, and R);
  • Europe (e. g. haplogroups G, I, J, Q, R and N);
  • East Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania (e.g. haplogroups K, M, N, P, O, S)
  • Central Asia (e. g. haplogroups J, P, Q, and R) and;
  • most Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q and R)

Footnotes

  1. ^ "www.nature.com" (PDF).
  2. ^ Hallast, Pille; et al. (2021). "A Southeast Asian origin for present-day non-African human Y chromosomes". Human Genetics. 140 (2): 299–307. doi:10.1007/s00439-020-02204-9. PMC 7864842. PMID 32666166. S2CID 253976067.
  3. ^ a b ISOGG, 2015, Y-DNA Haplogroup F and its Subclades - 2015 (8 September 2015).

See also

Genetics

Backbone Tree

  • v
  • t
  • e
Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
"Y-chromosomal Adam"
A00 A0-T [χ 3]
A0 A1 [χ 4]
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
F1  F-Y27277 [χ 5]  F3  GHIJK
G HIJK
IJK H
IJ K
I   J     LT [χ 6]       K2 [χ 7]
I1   I2  J1   J2  L     T  K2e K2d K2c K2b [χ 8]  K2a
K2b1 [χ 9]   P [χ 10] K-M2313 [χ 11]
S [χ 12]  M [χ 13]    P1   NO1
P1c P1b P1a N O
R Q
Footnotes
  1. ^ Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. S2CID 23291764.
  2. ^ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
  3. ^ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
  4. ^ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
  5. ^ F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.
  6. ^ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
  7. ^ Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
  8. ^ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
  9. ^ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
  10. ^ Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
  11. ^ K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
  12. ^ Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
  13. ^ Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)