Species of plant
Euphorbia poissonii |
|
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
Genus: | Euphorbia |
Species: | E. poissonii |
Binomial name |
Euphorbia poissonii
Pax |
Euphorbia poissonii,[1] also known as Euphorbia poissoni [2] and, incorrectly, as Euphorbia poisoni, is a highly irritant and toxic succulent member of the large and varied spurge family of plants.[3] It is native to northern Nigeria, where local farmers extract its latex for use as a pesticide. Its powerfully irritant and pain-producing nature mandates use as a fencing plant. It is known to the Berom people of the Jos area as pyùlúp who transplant it to their compounds where it is regarded as protection against witchcraft.
It is named for French botanist Henri Louis Poisson, who formally described other Euphorbia species.
Toxic activity
In addition to a variety of irritant phorbol-type esters, the latex contains resiniferatoxin and tinyatoxin, two closely related highly irritant resiniferonol-type esters.[3] The most active toxin, resiniferatoxin, binds to pain receptors in the same way as capsaicin but much more powerfully. It stimulates the neurons to fire repeatedly, causing pain.
Due to its selective nature of binding and killing pain receptors while leaving other nerve cells intact, resiniferatoxin is currently being researched as a possible treatment for chronic pain.
References
- ^ Euphorbia poissonii in Tropicos
- ^ Euphorbia poissoni in CJB African Plant Database
- ^ a b Euphorbia poissonii in BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database
External links
- Media related to Euphorbia poissonii at Wikimedia Commons
TRPA | Activators | - 4-Hydroxynonenal
- 4-Oxo-2-nonenal
- 4,5-EET
- 12S-HpETE
- 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2
- α-Sanshool (ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers)
- Acrolein
- Allicin (garlic)
- Allyl isothiocyanate (mustard, radish, horseradish, wasabi)
- AM404
- ASP-7663
- Bradykinin
- Cannabichromene (cannabis)
- Cannabidiol (cannabis)
- Cannabigerol (cannabis)
- Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon)
- CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
- CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
- Cuminaldehyde (cumin)
- Curcumin (turmeric)
- Dehydroligustilide (celery)
- Diallyl disulfide
- Dicentrine (Lindera spp.)
- Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
- Formalin
- Gingerols (ginger)
- Hepoxilin A3
- Hepoxilin B3
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Icilin
- Isothiocyanate
- JT-010
- Ligustilide (celery, Angelica acutiloba)
- Linalool (Sichuan pepper, thyme)
- Methylglyoxal
- Methyl salicylate (wintergreen)
- N-Methylmaleimide
- Nicotine (tobacco)
- Oleocanthal (olive oil)
- Paclitaxel (Pacific yew)
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
- PF-4840154
- Phenacyl chloride
- Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper)
- Shogaols (ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers)
- Tear gases
- Tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis)
- Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
- Thiopropanal S-oxide (onion)
- Umbellulone (Umbellularia californica)
- WIN 55,212-2
|
---|
Blockers | |
---|
|
---|
TRPC | |
---|
TRPM | |
---|
TRPML | |
---|
TRPP | |
---|
TRPV | Activators | - 2-APB
- 5',6'-EET
- 9-HODE
- 9-oxoODE
- 12S-HETE
- 12S-HpETE
- 13-HODE
- 13-oxoODE
- 20-HETE
- α-Sanshool (ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers)
- Allicin (garlic)
- AM404
- Anandamide
- Bisandrographolide (Andrographis paniculata)
- Camphor (camphor laurel, rosemary, camphorweed, African blue basil, camphor basil)
- Cannabidiol (cannabis)
- Cannabidivarin (cannabis)
- Capsaicin (chili pepper)
- Carvacrol (oregano, thyme, pepperwort, wild bergamot, others)
- DHEA
- Diacyl glycerol
- Dihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper)
- Estradiol
- Eugenol (basil, clove)
- Evodiamine (Euodia ruticarpa)
- Gingerols (ginger)
- GSK1016790A
- Heat
- Hepoxilin A3
- Hepoxilin B3
- Homocapsaicin (chili pepper)
- Homodihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper)
- Incensole (incense)
- Lysophosphatidic acid
- Low pH (acidic conditions)
- Menthol (mint)
- N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
- N-Oleoyldopamine
- N-Oleoylethanolamide
- Nonivamide (PAVA) (PAVA spray)
- Nordihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper)
- Paclitaxel (Pacific yew)
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
- Phenylacetylrinvanil
- Phorbol esters (e.g., 4α-PDD)
- Piperine (black pepper, long pepper)
- Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper)
- Probenecid
- Protons
- RhTx
- Rutamarin (Ruta graveolens)
- Resiniferatoxin (RTX) (Euphorbia resinifera/pooissonii)
- Shogaols (ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers)
- Tetrahydrocannabivarin (cannabis)
- Thymol (thyme, oregano)
- Tinyatoxin (Euphorbia resinifera/pooissonii)
- Tramadol
- Vanillin (vanilla)
- Zucapsaicin
|
---|
Blockers | |
---|
|
---|
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Ion channel modulators |
Taxon identifiers |
---|
Euphorbia poissonii | |
---|