Chungseon of Goryeo

IssueChungsuk of Goryeo
Prince Deokheung

Names
Goryeo: Wang Won (왕원, 王謜), later Wang Chang (왕장, 王璋) Yuan: Ijir Bukhqa (이지르부카/익지례보화, 益知禮普花)
Posthumous name
Great King Seonhyo (선효대왕, 宣孝大王; given by Goryeo dynasty) King Chungseon (충선왕, 忠宣王; given by Yuan dynasty)

HouseWangDynastyGoryeoFatherChungnyeol of GoryeoMotherQueen JangmokReligionBuddhism

Korean name
Hangul	충선왕
Hanja	忠宣王
Revised Romanization	Chungseon Wang
McCune–Reischauer	Ch'ungsŏn Wang
Birth name
Hangul	왕원, later 왕장
Hanja	王謜, later 王璋
Revised Romanization	Wang Won, later Wang Jang
McCune–Reischauer	Wang Wŏn, later Wang Chang
Courtesy name
Hangul	중앙
Hanja	仲昻
Revised Romanization	Jungang
McCune–Reischauer	Chungang

Monarchs of Korea
Goryeo
Taejo 918–943 Hyejong 943–945 Jeongjong (定宗) 945–949 Gwangjong 949–975 Gyeongjong 975–981 Seongjong 981–997 Mokjong 997–1009 Hyeonjong 1009–1031 Deokjong 1031–1034 Jeongjong (靖宗) 1034–1046 Munjong 1046–1083 Sunjong 1083 Seonjong 1083–1094 Heonjong 1094–1095 Sukjong 1095–1105 Yejong 1105–1122 Injong 1122–1146 Uijong 1146–1170 Myeongjong 1170–1197 Sinjong 1197–1204 Huijong 1204–1211 Gangjong 1211–1213 Gojong 1213–1259 Wonjong 1259–1274 Chungnyeol 1274–1308 Chungseon 1308–1313 Chungsuk 1313–1330; 1332–1339 Chunghye 1330–1332; 1339–1344 Chungmok 1344–1348 Chungjeong 1348–1351 Gongmin 1351–1374 U 1374–1388 Chang 1388–1389 Gongyang 1389–1392
v t e

King Chungseon of Goryeo (20 October 1275 – 23 June 1325), born Wang Wŏn (Korean: 왕원; Hanja: 王謜), later changed his name to Wang Chang (왕장; 王璋), also known by his Mongolian name Ijir Bukhqa (益知禮普花),^[1] was the 26th ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. He reigned in 1298, and again from 1308 to 1313.

Adept at calligraphy and painting, rather than politics, he generally preferred the life in Dadu (the capital of the Yuan dynasty, present-day Beijing) to that in Gaegyeong (the capital of Goryeo, present-day Kaesong). He was the eldest son of King Chungnyeol and Queen Jangmok; since Wonjong of Goryeo requested to marry his son to a daughter of the Khan in 1269, which Kubilai obliged with the youngest one of his daughters. This made King Chungseon the first Goryeo monarch with Mongolian ancestry.^[2]

Biography

In 1277, King Chungseon was confirmed as Crown Prince; the following year he travelled to China and received his Mongolian name.^{[citation needed]}

In 1296, he married Borjigin Budashiri, a Yuan princess and great-granddaughter of Kublai Khan. However, he already had three Korean wives, who were daughters of the powerful nobles.

King Chungseon's mother died in 1297, and this was followed by a violent purge brought on by allegations that she had been murdered. Perhaps upset by these events, King Chungnyeol petitioned Yuan to abdicate the throne and was accordingly replaced by his son in 1298.^[3] Faced with intense plotting between the faction of his Mongol Queen and his Korean wife, Royal Consort Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan, King Chungseon returned the throne to his father shortly thereafter.

As the grandson of Kublai Khan, Chungseon had significant sway in the Kuriltais of the early 14th century gathered to elect the new Khan. When Temür Khan's death spurred a competition to the throne, his wife Bulugan put Ananda as successor. Ayurbarwada, who was put to exile, rebelled with his brother Khayishan. King Chungseon who was their cousin, was intimate with them since his days in China, supported them. He supported Khayishan (Külüg Khan) to the throne in 1307, and supported Ayurbarwada (Buyantu Khan) to the throne in 1311.^[4] Thus he sat 7th in hierarchy in the empire after the sons of the Khan in their Kurultai.^[5][6]

Külüg Khan thanked his efforts by giving him a new title on top of his kingship of Goryeo, the Prince/King of Shenyang,^[b][c] in 1307^[7] or 1308 specifically mentioned as thanks to his efforts of bringing the Khan to power.^[4] After his father's death in 1308, King Chungseon obliged to return to the throne of Goryeo and made efforts to reform court politics, but spent as much time as possible in China. In 1310, his Chinese title was changed to Prince/King of Shen.^[d][8] He is a very rare case of personal unions in East Asia.

He retired from the throne in 1313, and was replaced by his son, Wang Do. After the death of Buyantu Khan (Renzong of Yuan 元仁宗) in 1320, King Chungseon was briefly sent into exile to Tibet (lately Sakya) by the new Khan, but was permitted to return to Khanbaliq soon thereafter, where he died in 1325.

Family

• Father: Chungnyeol of Goryeo (1236–1308)
  • Grandfather: Wonjong of Goryeo (1219–1274)
  • Grandmother: Queen Jeongsun of the Gyeongju Kim clan (1222–1237)
• Mother: Queen Jangmok of the Yuan Borjigin clan (1251–1297)
  • Grandfather: Kublai Khan of Yuan (1215–1294)
  • Grandmother: Chabi khatun of Yuan (1216–1281)^[9]
• Consorts and their respective issue:

1. Borjigin Budashiri, Princess Supreme of Gye State(d. 1315) – No issue.
2. Yasokjin, Royal Consort Ui (d. 1316)
   1. Wang Kam, Prince Gwangneung
   2. Wang To, Chungsuk of Goryeo
3. Royal Consort Jeong of the Kaeseong Wang clan(d. 1345) – No issue.
4. Royal Consort Cho of the Pungyang Cho clan – No issue.
5. Lady Sunhwa, Royal Consort Won of the Namyang Hong clan(d. 1306) – No issue.
6. Royal Consort Sun of the Yangcheon Heo clan (1271–1335) – No issue.
7. Royal Consort Suk of the Eonyang Kim clan– No issue.
8. Unknown
   1. Wang Hye, Prince Deokheung
   2. Princess Suchun

Ancestry

Popular culture

• Portrayed by Park Yoon-jae in the 2012 SBS TV series Faith.
• Portrayed by Moon Woo-jin, Nam Da-reum and Im Si-wan in the 2017 MBC TV series The King in Love.

See also

• List of Korean monarchs
• Goryeo under Mongol rule

Notes

References

• 충선왕 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia.

External links

• A Study on Relations between Koryo's Policy towards Yuan and Costume Policy under Yuan's Interference (Author: Ahn, Jeong-hee) (Didital Collection, Donga University, South Korea)

Chungseon of Goryeo House of Wang Born: 20 October 1275 Died: 23 June 1325
Regnal titles
Preceded by King Chungnyeol	King of Goryeo 1298	Succeeded by King Chungnyeol
	King of Goryeo 1308–1313	Succeeded by King Chungsuk
Chinese royalty
New creation	Prince of Shenyang c. 1308 – 1310	Succeeded by Himself as Prince of Shen
Preceded by Himself as Prince of Shenyang	Prince of Shen 1310–1316	Succeeded by Wang Ko