Cephalorhynchus

Genus of mammals

Cephalorhynchus Temporal range: Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓

Commerson's dolphin
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Infraorder:	Cetacea
Family:	Delphinidae
Subfamily:	Lissodelphininae
Genus:	Cephalorhynchus Gray, 1846
Type species
Delphinus heavisidii ^[1] Gray, 1828
Species
C. commersonii C. eutropia C. heavisidii C. hectori

Cephalorhynchus is a genus in the dolphin family Delphinidae.

Extant species

It consists of four species:

Scientific name	Common name	Distribution
Commerson's dolphin	C. commersonii	Argentina including Puerto Deseado, in the Strait of Magellan and around Tierra del Fuego, and near the Falkland Islands, near the Kerguelen Islands in the southern part of the Indian Ocean
Chilean dolphin	C. eutropia	coast of Chile
Heaviside's dolphin	C. heavisidii	coast of northern Namibia at 17°S and as far south as the southern tip of South Africa
Hector's dolphin	C. hectori	coastal regions of New Zealand

The species have similar physical features—they are small, generally playful, blunt-nosed dolphins—but they are found in distinct geographical locations.

A phylogenetic analysis in 2006 indicated the two species traditionally assigned to the genus Lagenorhynchus, the hourglass dolphin L. cruciger and Peale's dolphin L. australis are actually phylogenetically nested among the species of Cephalorhynchus, and they suggest these two species should be transferred to the genus Cephalorhynchus. Some acoustic and morphological data support this arrangement, at least with respect to Peale's dolphin.^[2]

According to a study in 1971, Peale's dolphin and the Cephalorhynchus species are the only dolphins that do not whistle (no acoustic data are available for the hourglass dolphin). Peale's dolphin also shares with several Cephalorhynchus species the possession of a distinct white "armpit" marking behind the pectoral fin.^[3]

References

^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ May-Collado, Laura; Agnarsson, Ingi (2006). "Cytochrome b and Bayesian inference of whale phylogeny" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 38 (2): 344–54. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.019. ISSN 1055-7903. OCLC 441745572. PMID 16325433. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
^ Schevill, W.E.; Watkins, W.A. (15 January 1971). "Pulsed sounds of the porpoise Lagenorhynchus australis". Breviora. 366: 1–10. ISSN 0006-9698. OCLC 80876226.

Extant Cetacea species

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Infraclass Eutheria
Superorder Laurasiatheria
Order Artiodactyla
Suborder Whippomorpha

Parvorder Mysticeti (Baleen whales)

Balaenidae

Balaena	Bowhead whale (B. mysticetus)
Eubalaena (Right whales)	Southern right whale (E. australis) North Atlantic right whale (E. glacialis) North Pacific right whale (E. japonica)

Balaenopteridae
(Rorquals)

Balaenoptera	Common minke whale (B. acutorostrata) Antarctic minke whale (B. bonaerensis) Sei whale (B. borealis) Bryde's whale (B. brydei) Pygmy Bryde's whale (B. edeni) Blue whale (B. musculus) Omura's whale (B. omurai) Fin whale (B. physalus) Rice's whale (B. ricei)
Eschrichtius	Gray whale (E. robustus)
Megaptera	Humpback whale (M. novaeangliae)

Cetotheriidae

Caperea	Pygmy right whale (C. marginata)

Parvorder Odontoceti (Toothed whales)

Delphinidae
(Oceanic dolphins)

Cephalorhynchus	Commerson's dolphin (C. commersonii) Chilean dolphin (C. eutropia) Heaviside's dolphin (C. heavisidii) Hector's dolphin (C. hectori)
Delphinus	Common dolphin (D. delphis)
Feresa	Pygmy killer whale (F. attenuata)
Globicephala (Pilot whales)	Short-finned pilot whale (G. macrorhynchus) Long-finned pilot whale (G. melas)
Grampus	Risso's dolphin (G. griseus)
Lagenodelphis	Fraser's dolphin (L. hosei)
Lagenorhynchus	White-beaked dolphin (L. albirostris) Atlantic white-sided dolphin (L. acutus) Peale's dolphin (L. australis) Hourglass dolphin (L. cruciger) Pacific white-sided dolphin (L. obliquidens) Dusky dolphin (L. obscurus)
Lissodelphis (Right whale dolphins)	Northern right whale dolphin (L. borealis) Southern right whale dolphin (L. peronii)
Orcaella	Irrawaddy dolphin (O. brevirostris) Australian snubfin dolphin (O. heinsohni)
Orcinus	Orca or killer whale (O. orca)
Peponocephala	Melon-headed whale (P. electra)
Pseudorca	False killer whale (P. crassidens)
Sotalia	Tucuxi (S. fluviatilis) Guiana dolphin (S. guianensis)
Sousa (Humpback dolphins)	Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (S. chinensis) Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (S. plumbea) Australian humpback dolphin (S. sahulensis) Atlantic humpback dolphin (S. teuszii)
Stenella	Pantropical spotted dolphin (S. attenuata) Clymene dolphin (S. clymene) Striped dolphin (S. coeruleoalba) Atlantic spotted dolphin (S. frontalis) Spinner dolphin (S. longirostris)
Steno	Rough-toothed dolphin (S. bredanensis)
Tursiops (Bottlenose dolphins)	Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (T. aduncus) Burrunan dolphin (T. australis) Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin (T. erebennus) Common bottlenose dolphin (T. truncatus)

Monodontidae

Delphinapterus	Beluga whale (D. leucas)
Monodon	Narwhal (M. monoceros)

Phocoenidae
(Porpoises)

Neophocoena (Finless porpoises)	Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (N. phocaenoides) Yangtze finless porpoise (N. asiaeorientalis)
Phocoena	Spectacled porpoise (P. dioptrica) Harbour porpoise (P. phocoena) Vaquita (P. sinus) Burmeister's porpoise (P. spinipinnis)
Phocoenoides	Dall's porpoise (P. dalli)

Physeteridae

Physeter	Sperm whale (P. macrocephalus)

Kogiidae

Kogia	Pygmy sperm whale (K. breviceps) Dwarf sperm whale (K. simus)

Iniidae

Inia	Araguaian river dolphin (I. araguaiaensis) Bolivian river dolphin (I. boliviensis) Amazon river dolphin (I. geoffrensis)

Lipotidae

Lipotes	Baiji (L. vexillifer)

Platanistidae

Platanista	Ganges river dolphin (P. gangetica) Indus river dolphin (P. minor)

Pontoporiidae

Pontoporia	La Plata dolphin (P. blainvillei)

Ziphiidae
(Beaked whales)

Berardius	Arnoux's beaked whale (B. arnuxii) Baird's beaked whale (B. bairdii) Sato's beaked whale (B. minimus)
Hyperoodon (Bottlenose whales)	Northern bottlenose whale (H. ampullatus) Southern bottlenose whale (H. planifrons)
Indopacetus	Tropical bottlenose whale (I. pacificus)
Mesoplodon (Mesoplodont whales)	Sowerby's beaked whale (M. bidens) Andrews' beaked whale (M. bowdoini) Hubbs' beaked whale (M. carlhubbsi) Blainville's beaked whale (M. densirostris) Ramari's beaked whale (M. eueu) Gervais's beaked whale (M. europaeus) Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (M. ginkgodens) Gray's beaked whale (M. grayi) Hector's beaked whale (M. hectori) Deraniyagala's beaked whale (M. hotaula) Strap-toothed whale (M. layardii) True's beaked whale (M. mirus) Perrin's beaked whale (M. perrini) Pygmy beaked whale (M. peruvianus) Stejneger's beaked whale (M. stejnegeri) Spade-toothed whale (M. traversii)
Tasmacetus	Shepherd's beaked whale (T. shepherdi)
Ziphius	Cuvier's beaked whale (Z. cavirostris)

Odontocete genera

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Infraorder: Cetacea

Odontoceti

†Agorophius †Ankylorhiza †Archaeodelphis †Argyrocetus †Ashleycetus †Caolodelphis †Chilcacetus †Enigmatocetus †Eoplatanista †Inticetus †Macrodelphinus †Microcetus †Mirocetus †Neosqualodon †Olympicetus †Papahu †Patriocetus †Phoberodon †Phococetus †Prosqualodon †Sachalinocetus †Simocetus †Sulakocetus †Tangaroasaurus
†Xenorophidae	Albertocetus Cotylocara Echovenator Inermorostrum Xenorophus
†Waipatiidae	Awamokoa Ediscetus Nihohae Nihoroa Otekaikea Urkudelphis Waipatia
†Squalodontidae	Eosqualodon Squalodon
†Squaloziphiidae	Crisocetus? Squaloziphius Yaquinacetus
†Eurhinodelphinidae	Ceterhinops Eurhinodelphis Iniopsis Mycteriacetus Phocaenopsis Schizodelphis Vanbreenia Xiphiacetus Ziphiodelphis
Crown-Odontoceti	see below↓

Crown-Odontoceti

Physeteroidea

†Acrophyseter †Albicetus †Brygmophyseter †Eudelphis †Hoplocetus †Livyatan †Miophyseter †Rhaphicetus †Scaldicetus †Zygophyseter
Kogiidae	†Aprixokogia Kogia †Koristocetus †Nanokogia †Platyscaphokogia †Pliokogia †Praekogia †Scaphokogia †Thalassocetus?
Physeteridae	†Aulophyseter †Cozzuoliphyseter †Diaphorocetus †Idiophyseter †Idiorophus †Orycterocetus Physeter †Physeterula †Placoziphius †Thalassocetus?

Platanistoidea

†Aondelphis †Dolgopolis †Ensidelphis †Perditicetus †Eurhinodelphinidae? †Squalodontidae? †Waipatiidae?
†Allodelphinidae?	Allodelphis Arktocara Goedertius Ninjadelphis Zarhinocetus
†Squalodelphinidae?	Furcacetus Huaridelphis Macrosqualodelphis Medocinia Notocetus Phocageneus Squalodelphis
Platanistidae	†Araeodelphis †Dilophodelphis †Grimadelphis †Pachyacanthus? †Pebanista Platanista †Pomatodelphis †Prepomatodelphis †Zarhachis?

Ziphiidae

†Aporotus †Beneziphius †Caviziphius †Chavinziphius †Chimuziphius †Choneziphius †Dagonodum †Globicetus †Imocetus †Messapicetus †Nazcacetus †Nenga †Ninoziphius †Notoziphius †Pterocetus Tasmacetus †Tusciziphius †Xhosacetus †Ziphirostrum
Berardiinae	†Archaeoziphius Berardius †Microberardius
Ziphiinae	†Izikoziphius Ziphius
Hyperoodontinae	†Africanacetus Hyperoodon †Ihlengesi Indopacetus Mesoplodon

Delphinida	see below↓

Delphinida

†Albireo †Atocetus †Brevirostrodelphis †Cammackacetus †Delphinodon †Hadrodelphis †Herbeinodelphis †Liolithax †Lophocetus †Macrokentriodon †Miminiacetus †Odobenocetops †Pictodelphis †Pithanodelphis †Tagicetus †Westmorelandelphis
†Kentriodontidae	Belonodelphis? Kampholophos Kentriodon Platysvercus Sophianacetus Rudicetus Wimahl
Lipotidae	Lipotes †Parapontoporia †Prolipotes

Inioidea

†Awadelphis
Iniidae	†Brujadelphis †Goniodelphis Inia †Ischyrorhynchus †Isoninia? †Isthminia †Kwanzacetus †Meherrinia †Plicodontinia †Saurocetes
Pontoporiidae	†Atocetus? †Auroracetus †Brachydelphis †Piscorhynchus †Pliopontos †Pontistes †Protophocaena †Samaydelphis †Scaldiporia †Stenasodelphis Pontoporia

Delphinoidea

Monodontidae	†Bohaskaia †Casatia Delphinapterus †Denebola †Haborodelphis Monodon
Phocoenidae	†Archaeophocaena †Australithax †Haborophocoena †Lomacetus †Miophocaena Neophocaena †Numataphocoena Phocoena Phocoenoides †Piscolithax †Pterophocaena? †Semirostrum †Septemtriocetus

Delphinidae

†Arimidelphis †Australodelphis †Eodelphinus †Etruridelphis †Hemisyntrachelus Lagenorhynchus †Norisdelphis Orcinus †Platalearostrum †Pliodelphis †Pterophocaena?
Lissodelphininae	Cephalorhynchus Lissodelphis
Delphininae	Delphinus Lagenodelphis Sotalia Sousa Stenella Tursiops
Globicephalinae	Feresa Globicephala Grampus Orcaella Peponocephala Pseudorca Steno

Taxon identifiers
Cephalorhynchus	Wikidata: Q583001 Wikispecies: Cephalorhynchus ADW: Cephalorhynchus BioLib: 20813 BOLD: 462566 CoL: 3KH6 EoL: 46559315 GBIF: 2440509 iNaturalist: 41513 IRMNG: 1104025 ITIS: 180448 MSW: 14300036 NBN: NHMSYS0000376506 NCBI: 27607 NZOR: ea147b1d-b69c-48d4-bc18-0afb3cbbc9f1 Paleobiology Database: 63575 WoRMS: 231403