BL 10-inch Mk I – IV naval gun

Naval gun

Ordnance BL 10 inch gun Mk I - IV
Mk I coast defence gun, Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence
Type	Naval gun Coast defence gun
Place of origin	United Kingdom
Service history
In service	1885 - 1913
Used by	Royal Navy
Production history
Variants	Mk I, II, III, IV
Specifications
Mass	Mk I : 32 tons barrel & breech Mks II - IV : 29 tons^[1]
Barrel length	Mk I : 317.5 inches (8,064 mm) (31.75 calibres) Mks II - IV : 320 inches (8,128 mm) (32 calibres)^[1]

Shell	500 pounds (226.8 kg)^[1]
Calibre	10-inch (254.0 mm)
Muzzle velocity	2,040 feet per second (622 m/s)^[2]
Maximum firing range	10,000 yards (9,100 m)^[1]

The BL 10 inch guns Mks I, II, III, IV^[3] were British rifled breechloading 32-calibre naval and coast defence guns in service from 1885.

History

The British 10-inch calibre originated with the Committee on Ordnance in 1879 when it ordered a new 10.4-inch gun together with the new 9.2-inch ^[4] as part of its transition from muzzle-loading to breech-loading guns. The proposed 10.4-inch gun eventually went into service in 1885 as a 10-inch gun firing a 500-pound projectile.

After Mk IV of 1889 the Royal Navy discontinued the 10-inch calibre in favour of 9.2-inch and 12-inch.

Naval service

Mks II, III and IV guns were interchangeable and equipped the following warships :

Victoria-class battleships laid down in 1885
Centurion-class battleships laid down in 1890
Renown laid down in 1893
Devastation-class battleships as re-gunned in 1890

25-ton gun for Victoria

A 25-ton version with a barrel of 300 inches (30 calibres) and firing a 450-pound projectile was supplied in 1884 to the Australian colony of Victoria, mounted on the gunboat HMVS Victoria.^[5] This gun was subsequently replaced on Victoria by an 8-inch gun, and in 1887 was mounted at Fort Franklin as a coast defence gun.^[6]

Coast defence gun

Mk I was an Elswick Ordnance design used only for coastal defence. Mks II, III and IV were interchangeable Woolwich Arsenal designs used on warships but also for coastal defense around the British Empire, some on disappearing carriages.^[7]

Surviving examples

Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence
Portsea, Victoria, Australia
Fort McNab, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Notes and references

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Text Book of Gunnery 1902, Table XII Page 336
^ 500 lb projectile, with 252 lb brown prism powder (gunpowder) or 76 lb cordite propellant size 30. Text Book of Gunnery 1902
^ Mks I, II, III, IV = Marks 1, 2, 3, 4. Britain used Roman numerals to designate marks (models) of ordnance until after World War II. Hence this article covers the four models of British BL 10-inch guns.
^ Hogg & Thurston 1972, page 176
^ Manual for Victorian naval forces 1887. HMVS Cerberus website
^ David Spethman, The Garrison Guns of Australia 1788-1962 page 89, published by Ron H Mortensen, Inala, Qld, 2008. ISBN 978-0-9775990-8-0
^ DiGiulian

Bibliography

Text Book of Gunnery Archived 12 July 2012 at archive.today, 1902. London: Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office, by Harrison and Sons, St. Martin's Lane
I. V.Hogg & L. F. Thurston, British Artillery Weapons & Ammunition 1914-1918. London: Ian Allan, 1972.
Tony DiGiulian, British 10"/32 (25.4 cm) Marks I, II, III and IV

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to BL 10 inch Mk I - IV naval gun.

Handbook for the 10 inch B. L. gun, 1892, 1895, 1900, 1904 at State Library of Victoria
Instructions for 10 inch rifled breech loading Armstrong gun and automatic naval carriage and slide Describes 25-ton gun supplied to Victoria. From Australian National Archives
Mk III disappearing mounting diagram at Victorian Forts and Artillery website
Elswick Mk I coastal defence barbette mounting diagram at Victorian Forts and Artillery website

British Empire naval weapons of the Victorian era

Smoothbore muzzle-loading cannons

Smoothbore muzzle-loading shell guns

8-inch
10-inch 86 cwt

Mortars

10-inch Blomefield
13-inch Blomefield

Howitzers

12-pounder Millar
24-pounder Millar

Rifled breechloaders (Armstrong)

Rifled muzzle-loaders (Lancaster)

68-pounder Lancaster gun

Rifled muzzle-loaders (converted)

RML 64-pounder 71 cwt

Rifled muzzle-loaders (Woolwich)

Breech-loaders (new pattern)

Quick-firing guns

Light weapons

Torpedoes

Whitehead torpedo

British Empire small arms & ordnance of the Victorian era

Sidearms

Muskets and rifles

Artillery

Field Artillery	SBML 9 pounder 13 cwt RBL 9 pounder RBL 12-pounder RBL 20-pounder RML 9-pounder 8 cwt RML 13-pounder 8 cwt RML 16-pounder 12 cwt BL 12-pounder 7 cwt BL 12-pounder 6 cwt QF 12-pounder 8 cwt BL 15-pounder QF 1-pounder pom-pom
Mountain artillery	RML 7-pounder Mountain Gun RML 2.5-inch Mountain Gun
Howitzers, medium, and heavy artillery	RML 6.3-inch howitzer RML 6.6-inch howitzer BL 5-inch howitzer BL 5.4-inch howitzer
Siege & garrison artillery	4.1-inch 'Long Cecil' SBBL 32-pounder SBML 24-pounder SBML 8-inch 65 cwt RBL 40-pounder RBL 7-inch RML 25-pounder 18 cwt RML 40-pounder gun RML 64-pounder 64 cwt gun RML 64-pounder 58 cwt RML 64-pounder 71 cwt gun RML 80-pounder RML 6.6-inch gun RML 8-inch howitzer BL 5-inch gun Mk I – V BL 6-inch 30 cwt howitzer BL 9.45-inch howitzer
Coastal artillery	QF 3-pounder Nordenfelt QF 4.7-inch BL 6-inch Mk III, IV, VI BL 6-inch Mk V RBL 7-inch RML 7-inch RML 8-inch BL 8-inch Mk VII RML 9-inch BL 9.2-inch Mk IV & VI BL 10-inch Mk I BL 12-inch Mk I, VI, VII RML 12.5-inch RML 16-inch RML 17.72-inch