1990 Soviet Union regional elections
In 1990, elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia and the Supreme Soviets of 14 other republics of the Soviet Union.
Background
The proposal to create a "two-story" system for the formation of the legislative branch (with Congress of Deputies and the Supreme Soviet) in the USSR and its constituent and autonomous republics was put forward by Mikhail Gorbachev at the 19th Conference of the Communist Party in summer of 1988. On 1 December, the corresponding changes were made to the Constitution of the USSR.
Most of the republics except for Russia and its autonomous region of Dagestan ignored this requirement of the Union Constitution. Under the constitutional reform of 1989–90, they retained direct elections to their Supreme Soviets, but unlike the campaigns of preceding 50 years, republican branches of the CPSU now were facing significant opposition from the nationalist forces, represented in organizations such as Lithuania's Sąjūdis and numerous "Popular Fronts" (Estonia, Latvia, Moldavia, Azerbaijan).
List
Republic | Date | Communist Party | Result | Opposition Parties | Result | Independents |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Armenia | 20 May | Communist Party of Armenia | 136 / 259 | – | 123 / 259 | |
Azerbaijan[1] | 30 September | Azerbaijan Communist Party | 280 / 366 | Azerbaijani Popular Front | 45 / 366 | 15 / 366 |
Byelorussia[2] | 4 March | Communist Party of Byelorussia | 302 / 360 | Belarusian Popular Front | 26 / 360 | – |
Estonia[3] | 18 March | Communist Party of Estonia | 27 / 105 | Popular Front of Estonia | 43 / 105 | 10 / 105 |
Joint Soviet of Work Collectives | 25 / 105 | |||||
Georgia[4] | 28 October | Communist Party of Georgia | 64 / 250 | Round Table—Free Georgia | 155 / 250 | 9 / 250 |
People's Front | 12 / 250 | |||||
Kazakhstan | 25 March | Communist Party of Kazakhstan | 342 / 360 | – | 18 / 360 | |
Kirghizia | 25 February | Communist Party of Kirghizia | 315 / 350 | – | 35 / 350 | |
Latvia | 18 March | Communist Party of Latvia | 55 / 201 | Popular Front of Latvia | 131 / 201 | 15 / 201 |
Lithuania[a] | 24 February | Communist Party of Lithuania (CPSU) | 7 / 135 | Lithuanian Social-Democratic Party | 9 / 135 | 64 / 135 |
Communist Party of Lithuania (independent) | 46 / 135 | Others | 9 / 135 | |||
Moldavia | February–March | Moldavian Communist Party | 177 / 380 | Popular Front of Moldova | 101 / 380 | 102 / 380 |
Russia | 4 March | CPSU[b] | 920 / 1,068 | – | 148 / 1,068 | |
Tajikistan | 25 February | Communist Party of Tajikistan | 221 / 230 | – | 9 / 230 | |
Turkmenistan | 7 January | Communist Party of Turkmenistan | 157 / 175 | – | 18 / 175 | |
Ukraine | 4 March | Communist Party of Ukraine | 331 / 450 | Democratic Bloc | 111 / 450 | – |
Uzbekistan | 18 February | Communist Party of Uzbekistan | 456 / 500 | Unity | 40 / 500 | 4 / 500 |
See also
- 1989 Soviet Union legislative election
- Democratization
References
- ^ CIA World Factbook (1995)
- ^ "What was the Belarusian parliament quarter of a century ago? The Supreme Council of XII convocation, 1990-1995". Nasha Niva. 26 May 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ "Elections and Referendums in Estonia 1989-1999". Estonian National Electoral Committee. 2008-11-17.
- ^ Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p382 ISBN 0-19-924958-X
Notes
- ^ In December 1989, majority of the Communist Party of Lithuania led by Brazauskas proclaimed it separate from the CPSU. Burokevičius headed pro-Union branch.
- ^ Since the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia was the only constituent republic without its own Communist Party. The short-lived CP RSFSR would be created three months after the 1990 election.
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