Overview of the events of 1963 in science
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The year 1963 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy, astrophysics and space exploration
- January 1 – Long-period comet C/1963 A1 (Ikeya) is discovered by a Japanese amateur.
- January 4 – Soviet Luna reaches Earth orbit but fails to reach the Moon.
- May 15 – Mercury program: NASA launches the last mission of the program Mercury 9. (On June 12 NASA Administrator James E. Webb tells Congress the program is complete.)
- July 26 – Roy Kerr submits for publication his discovery of the Kerr metric, an exact solution to the Einstein field equation of general relativity, predicting a rotating black hole.[1]
- October 18 – Aboard the French Véronique AGI 47 sounding rocket, a bicolor cat designated C 341, later known as Félicette, becomes the first cat in space.
- November 1 – The Arecibo Observatory, with the world's largest single-dish radio telescope, officially opens in Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
- First definite identification of a radio source, 3C 48, with an optical object, later identified as a quasar, is published by Allan Sandage and Thomas A. Matthews;[2] also Maarten Schmidt publishes significant observations on 3C 273.[3]
Biology
Cartography
Computing
Earth sciences
History of science and technology
Mathematics
Medicine
Paleontology
Physics
Psychology
Technology
Events
Awards
Births
Deaths
- January 28 – Jean Piccard (born 1884), Swiss-born American chemist and explorer.
- February 5 – Barnum Brown (born 1873), American paleontologist.
- April 6 – Otto Struve (born 1897), Russian astronomer.
- May 11 – Herbert Spencer Gasser (born 1888), American physiologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- May 19 – Walter Russell (born 1871), American polymath.
- June 16 – Eleanor Williams (born 1884), Australian bacteriologist and serologist.
- August 30 – Marietta Pallis (born 1882), British ecologist.
- October 13 – Alan A. Griffith (born 1893), English stress engineer.
- October 2 – Olga Lepeshinskaya (born 1871), Soviet Lysenkoist biologist.
- October 25 – Karl von Terzaghi (born 1883), Austrian "father of soil mechanics".
- November 13 – Margaret Murray (born 1863), Indian-English anthropologist and author.[24]
References
- ^ Kerr, R. P. (1963). "Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics". Physical Review Letters. 11 (5): 237–238. Bibcode:1963PhRvL..11..237K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237.
- ^ Matthews, Thomas A.; Sandage, Allan R. (1963). "Optical Identification of 3c 48, 3c 196, and 3c 286 with Stellar Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 138: 30–56. Bibcode:1963ApJ...138...30M. doi:10.1086/147615. Archived from the original on 2017-09-26. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
- ^ Schmidt, Maarten (1963). "3C 273: a star-like object with large red-shift". Nature. 197 (4872): 1040. Bibcode:1963Natur.197.1040S. doi:10.1038/1971040a0.
- ^ Pauling, L.; Zuckerkandl, E. (1963). "Chemical paleogenetics: molecular restoration studies of extinct forms of life". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 17: 89. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.17s-0009.
- ^ Tinbergen, Niko (1963). "On Aims and Methods in Ethology" (PDF). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie. 20 (4): 410–433. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01161.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
- ^ Snyder, John P. (1993). Flattening the Earth: Two Thousand Years of Map Projections. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-76747-5.
- ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 978-1-85986-000-7.
- ^ Vine, F. J.; Matthews, D. H. (1963). "Magnetic Anomalies Over Oceanic Ridges". Nature. 199 (4897): 947–949. Bibcode:1963Natur.199..947V. doi:10.1038/199947a0. S2CID 4296143.
- ^ Feit, Walter; Thompson, John G. (1963). "Solvability of groups of odd order". Pacific Journal of Mathematics. 13 (3): 775–1029. doi:10.2140/pjm.1963.13.775. MR 0166261.
- ^ Lorenz, Edward N. (March 1963). "Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 20 (2): 130–141. Bibcode:1963JAtS...20..130L. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:DNF>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Atiyah, Michael F.; Singer, Isadore M. (1963). "The Index of Elliptic Operators on Compact Manifolds". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 69 (3): 422–433. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1963-10957-X.
- ^ a b c Machado, Calixto (2005). "The first organ transplant from a brain-dead donor". Neurology. 64 (11): 1938–42. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000163515.09793.cb. PMID 15955947. S2CID 219219246.
- ^ Webb, Nicholas. "HSL Research Guides: Ernst Ludwig Wynder Autograph Collection: John Enders, Ph.D." guides.library.nymc.edu. New York Medical College Health Sciences Library. Retrieved 2021-02-13.
In 1963, Pfizer introduced a deactivated measles vaccine, and Merck & Co introduced an attenuated measles vaccine.
- ^ Christy, Nicholas P. (1993). "Grant W. Liddle". Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association. 104: xliii–xlv. PMC 2376630. PMID 1343432.
- ^ Lejeune, J.; et al. (1963). "3 Cases of partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences (in French). 257: 3098–102. PMID 14095841.
- ^ Reig, O. A. (1963). "La presencia de dinosaurios saurisquios en los "Estratos de Ischigualasto" (Mesotriásico Superior) de las provincias de San Juan y La Rioja (República Argentina)". Ameghiniana (in Spanish). 3 (1): 3–20.
- ^ American Journal of Physics 31: 342-355.
- ^ Milgram, S (October 1963). "Behavioral Study of Obedience". Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 67 (4): 371–378. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.599.92. doi:10.1037/h0040525. PMID 14049516.
- ^ "Edward Craven Walker | British inventor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
- ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9.
- ^ Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James (1994). The Handbook: The First Doctor — The William Hartnell Years 1963–1966. London: Virgin Books. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-426-20430-5.
- ^ "An Unearthly Child". Doctor Who: The Classic Series. BBC. 1995–2003. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
- ^ Sheppard, Kathleen L. (2013). The Life of Margaret Alice Murray: A Woman's Work in Archaeology. Lanham: Lexington. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-73917-417-3.